God of small things by arundati roy - is love greater than caste Essay

God of small things by arundati roy - is love greater than caste - Essay Example But does that mean love is stronger than caste? In the case of Ammu and Velutha, it certainly was but only in their eyes. It was not even conceivable in the eyes of others. Paravans were one of those untouchables that Ammu’s family had known for a long time but never considered them an equal in any sense of the word. For them Paravans were to be treated like all other untouchables in the land: â€Å"In Mammachi’s time, Paravans, like other untouchables were not allowed to walk on public roads, not allowed to cover their upper bodies, not allowed to carry umbrellas. They had to put their hands over their mouths when they spoke, to divert their polluted breath away from those whom they addressed.† (p. 71) The novel makes use of some amazing imagery to adequately explain the intensity or enormity of important things. For example, when talking about religion in Kerala, Roy writes: "Christianity arrived in a boat and seeped into Kerala like tea from a tea bag." (p.38). Ammu was a young divorced woman with two children who are twins. The author uses imagery and similes again to define Ammu’s personality: â€Å"Ammu was an unmixable mix. The infinite tenderness of motherhood and the reckless rage of a suicide bomber." (p. 44). Divorce in itself was a huge stigma in those times and to get it at a very such age was even more painful for the victim. Ammu had to live in her mother’s house, almost like a subdued servant since she couldn’t even enjoy the dignity of having her own place. She was dependent on her parents for shelter. At that age, which according to the narrator was â€Å"a viable, die-able age†, Ammu still had sexual urges; she still dreamed of being loved and touched and must have fantasized about having a relationship. However being a divorcee, the chances of that ever happening were slim and at 30, she was stuck

Industrial revolution Essay Example for Free

Industrial revolution Essay The Industrial Revolution was a time of drastic change and transformation from use of hand tools and handmade items to machine-made and mass produced goods. This change generally helped life, but also hindered it as well. Pollution, such as carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, rose. Working conditions declined, and the number of women and children working increased. The government, the arts, literature, music, architecture, and mans way of looking at life all changed during the period. Two revolutions took place, both resulting in productive, but also dire consequences. The Industrial Revolutions impact on Europe like the mechanization of the textile industries, the development of iron-making techniques and the increased use of refined coal. Trade expansion was enabled by the introduction of canals, improved roads and railways. The Industrial Revolution provided both the mechanical engine of progress and the emotional engine of progress. These two things, the capacity to expand and the will to expand, fed directly into imperialism. Marxist Theory also made a huge because it developed socialism and communism, by placing more emphasis on value, rather than generating profit. Before the first Industrial Revolution, Englands economy was based on its cottage industry. Workers bought raw materials from merchants and took it back to their cottages, and produce the goods at their home. It was usually owned and managed by one or more people, who were generally close to the workers. There was a good worker/boss relationship, which was demolished and destroyed by capitalism (Wyatt 7). This industry was efficient but the workers productivity was low and it made costs higher. The longer it took one person to manufacture a product, the higher the price. Subsequently, goods were more expensive and exclusive only to the wealthy people. In 1733, the demand for cotton cloth was high, but production was low. This crisis had to be solved or Englands economy would be hindered. The answer came from a British weaver, John Kay, who invented and fashioned the flying shuttle, which cut weaving time in half. John Kay was a pioneer and his invention paved the way for numerous inventors (Wyatt 13). Although at first many workers didnt accept machines, in fact, many inventions were destroyed. But what was inevitable, couldnt be stopped. By the 1750s, the Industrial Revolution had begun. At first, inventions were strictly limited to cotton weaving. Inventions such as the spinning jenny and the water-powered frame, both of which provided spinning yarn faster, the spinning mule, the power loom and the cotton gin all helped the manufacture of cotton goods by speeding up the process (Wyatt 35). Mass production had begun, along with capitalism. Capitalists, people who have their own materials, money and space, bought many machines and stored them in a factory. They hired people to run the machines and produce manufacturing goods. The factory system had replaced the cottage industry. Mass production made usually expensive items, such as shoes, but now they make less expensive and affordable to more people. The quality of life had improved. In the 1800s, inventions werent just limited to the cotton industry. Steam engines were invented, providing a faster mode of transportation, instead of the use of horses and carriages. With steam engines, cities were able to move farther away from rivers and sources of water, to thrive (Wyatt 58). The First Industrial Revolution merged into the Second Industrial Revolution around 1850, when technological and economic progress gained momentum with the development of steam powered ships and railways, and, later in the nineteenth century, with the internal combustion engine and electrical power generation. The torrent of technological innovation and subsequent social transformation continued throughout the twentieth century, contributing to further disruption of human life circumstances (Beard 25). Today, different parts of the world remain at different stages in the Industrial Revolution with some of the countries behind in terms of industrial development being in a position, through adopting the latest technologies, to leapfrog over even some more advanced countries that are now locked into the infrastructure of an earlier technology. The first Industrial Revolution had forever changed England, and later the world. England was now ready for another change, as life with machinery had already been assimilated into society. The second Industrial Revolution proved more drastic not only in inventions, but in social and government policies and reforms. Art and culture flourished and was transformed into many different and unique styles. The second Industrial Revolution utilized the power of electricity to help develop technology, to help social and home life. Michael Faraday, a British scientist, demonstrated how an electric current could be made. This concept and principle is still used today. Electricity improved life by supplying people with light and electricity to power machines (Thomas). Communications improved as a result of electricity (Thomas). The telephone and telegraph were the first communicational devices that were for public use (Thomas). With the development of technology, radio waves were discovered (Thomas). Now messages could be sent over long distances in virtually no time. Advances in science were also made. The discovery of radioactivity by Marie Curie used radioactivity as a power source, but also led to the discovery of the nuclear bomb. During the 1800s over 70,000 chemical compounds were broken down (Beard 45). Some of these were Portland cement, vulcanized rubber, synthetic dyes, and petroleum products. Petroleum began to be widely used as an alternate energy source (Beard 46). Gasoline was also needed for transportation, which evolved from steam engines to the internal combustion engine (Beard 47). The internal combustion engine made transportation faster and decreased the need for public transportation because people could own a their own cars. During this time, another a new technology was born in the field of transportation. Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully completed the first airplane flight at Kitty Hawk. The air plane industry was born (Hudson 15). Prior to vaccinations, medicine before the 1750s and in the 1750s wasnt well developed. Once infection set in, nothing was possible to save the patient. Various diseases couldnt be stopped or controlled because of limited technology. In the 1850s however, vaccinations were discovered and administered. X rays were also discovered and provided doctors with a faster way of diagnosing medical problems. Louis Pasteur discovered and fabricated a way to eliminate all germs in milk. Called pasteurization, this technique is now widely used on all milk. The technique involves heating the milk to slow the fermentation process (Clare 23). Darwin was a naturalist who devised the theory of evolution. It stated that all animals and plants evolve from a lower species. He also developed the concept of Social Darwinism that the strongest survive. Many people contested his ideas and argued against them (Doty 25). Life was drastically changed during the Industrial Revolution. People were living in germ infested, crowded and very unhealthy conditions, much like their place of work (Hudson 45-46). Children and women labored in harsh conditions, working long hours with little pay (Hudson 34). The British Parliament stepped in to limit and control child labor (Hudson 34). This sparked a rebellion. People, especially wealthy capitalists, wanted the government to stay out of its issues. It was called the laissez-faire system (Hudson 56-57). Many people opposed the laissez-faire system, saying the capitalists would gain too much power and people would be mistreated. The laissez-faire system was disregarded after a few years, and it is still used today. Art changed with the different ideas of social Darwinism, the laissez-faire system and the Industrial Revolution. Romantic artists painted emotions that they had no control over, such as love, religion, and beauty. It showed more of how people felt at one moment in time. Realism tried to capture what was really happening, all of the sadness, and tried to make people work to change what was happening (Wyatt 65). Socialists were reformers who wanted to construct a better life for all people. Among them, Robert Owen, an owner of a textile mill, whose reforms reshaped the working class. He raised pay, improved working conditions, and didnt allow children younger than eleven to work. Directly related to Owens reforms, crime and disease rates dropped and life improved. Marx, another socialist, started the class struggle (Wyatt 68). The conflict between the different classes of people, made an impact on the changes that occur in history. The Industrial Revolution brought on more technology, wealth and power, but at what consequence? The people were living in filth, working unthinkable hours and being paid very little. The revolution shaped modern society to what it is today. As Rousseau said, Civilization spoils people (Montagna), but did people spoil civilization by implementing machines to do our work? The Industrial Revolution provided both the mechanical engine of progress and the emotional engine of progress. These two things, the capacity to expand and the will to expand, fed directly into imperialism. On a more direct, grounded level, the Industrial Revolution gave Europeans the ability to mass produce weapons and technologies. This gave rise to a need to export manufactured goods and under the Mercantile Economic System (which was in its final days) export regions were taken as colonies to be administrated by the producing power. The weapons that were mass produced made warfare much easier. The technologies and products that came out of the factories raised the standard of living of Europeans, which lead to an increased value in how they saw their civilization. Europeans believed that their culture was behind their consistent technological progress, and moved to annex regions to improve their culture. This mentality was encapsulated by the White Mans Burden (Newton). The Expansion of Empire itself was also symbolic of European dominance and cultural superiority as they reasoned that only powerful empires can expand over new territories. Even though the Industrial Revolution significantly helped the United States and Western Europe, there were few consequences with the Industrial Revolution. Economic decline arose because, proportionate to its population, England produced so much fewer educated people than Europe or North America. The pioneers who had done so well with first-generation approaches, technology, and general attitudes saw little need for improvement until too late. Eric John Ernest Hobsbawm was a British Marxist historian of the rise of industrial capitalism, socialism, and nationalism. Hobsbawn claimed that since the British middle class made money so easily in the first years of the Industrial Revolution, they simply did not work as hard as their rivals in other countries. Workers, which were average people, were disadvantaged because the Industrial Revolution brought massive greed from big businesses run by people like Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and J. P Morgan. These employers demanded longer working hours (usually 12-hour shifts) and lower pay (Clare 34-37) . There were harsh conditions and no regulations that protected the workers (Clare 42-44). No unions. This was what led to the rise of socialism/communism and the unions (Clare 45). During the Industrial Revolution, big business controlled the government more than the government controlled itself. Thus, there were no environmental pollution laws. Factories could spit out as much pollution as they wanted and freely dump into the worlds oceans (Clare 55). Its effects are still today, and has devastated certain parts of the world. Due to the Industrial Revolution, many Western European nations, particularly England, France, Portugal, Germany, and Spain, had a massive need for resources. Thus, they occupied underdeveloped and weak civilizations in Africa and the Americas (Princeton). This was an easy way to get free resources and feed their growing industrial might. But it had a devastating effect on the people living there, as they were often treated harshly and without care. The Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in Earth’s ecology and humans’ relationship with their environment. The Industrial Revolution dramatically changed every aspect of human life and lifestyles. The impact on the world’s psyche would not begin to register until the early 1960s, some 200 years after its beginnings. From human development, health and life longevity, to social improvements and the impact on natural resources, public health, energy usage and sanitation, the effects were profound (Princeton). The onset of the Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in human history, almost every aspect of daily life was eventually influenced in some way. It started with the mechanization of the textile industries, the development of iron-making techniques, and the increased use of refined coal (Doty 2). Trade expansion was enabled by the introduction of canals, improved roads and railways. The introduction of steam power fuelled primarily by coal, wider utilization of water wheels and powered machinery (mainly in textile manufacturing) underpinned the dramatic increases in production capacity (Doty 3). The development of all-metal machine tools in the first two decades of the 19th century facilitated the manufacture of more production machines for manufacturing in other industries. The effects spread throughout Western Europe and North America during the 19th century, eventually affecting most of the world, a process that continues. The impact of this change on society was enormous (Doty 4). The Industrial Revolution witnessed the triumph of a middle class of industrialists, and businessmen over a landed class of nobility and gentry. Ordinary working people found increased opportunities for employment in the new mills and factories, but these were often under strict working conditions with long hours of labor dominated by a pace set by machines. However, harsh working conditions were prevalent long before the Industrial Revolution took place. Pre-industrial society was very static and often cruel—child labor, dirty living conditions, and long working hours were just as prevalent as before the Industrial Revolution (Corrick 42). The factory system was largely responsible for the rise of the modern city, as large numbers of workers migrated into the cities to work in factories. The transition to industrialization was not without difficulty. For example, a group of English workers known as Luddites protested against industrialization and sometimes sabotaged factories. Child labor had existed before the Industrial Revolution, but with the increase in population and education it became more visible. Many children were forced to work in relatively bad conditions for much lower pay than their elders (Corrick 46). Living conditions during the Industrial Revolution varied from the splendor of the homes of the owners, to the squalor of the lives of the workers. Poor people lived in very small houses in cramped streets. These homes share toilet facilities, had open sewers and were damp (Corrick 67). The Industrial Revolution concentrated labor into mills, factories and mines, thus facilitating the organization of combinations, or trade unions to help advance the interests of working people. The power of a union could demand better terms by withdrawing all labor and causing a consequent cessation of production. They forced employers to decide between giving in to the union demands at a cost to themselves, or suffer the cost of the lost production. Skilled workers were hard to replace, and these were the first groups to successfully advance their conditions through this kind of bargaining (Corrick 45). During the Industrial Revolution, the life expectancy of children increased dramatically. The percentage of the children born in London who died before the age of five decreased from 74. 5% in 1730–1749, to 31. 8% in 1810–1829 (Corrick 43). Also, there was a significant increase in worker wages during the period 1813-1913 (Corrick 52-54). According to Robert Hughes in The Fatal Shore, the population of England and Wales, which had remained steady at 6 million from 1700 to 1740, rose dramatically after 1740. The population of England had more than doubled from 8. 3 million in 1801, to 16. 8 million in 1851 and, by 1901, had nearly doubled again to 30. 5 million (Corrick 55). As living conditions and health care improved during the 19th century, Britains population doubled every fifty years (Corrick 56-57). Europe’s population doubled during the 18th century, from roughly 100 million to almost 200 million, and doubled again during the 19th century, to around 400 million (Corrick 58). The growth of modern industry from the late 18th century onward led to massive urbanization and the rise of new great cities, first in Europe elsewhere, as new opportunities attracted huge numbers of migrants from rural communities into urban areas. In 1800, only 3% of the worlds population lived in cities (Corrick 59), a figure that rose to nearly 50% at the beginning of the 21st century (Corrick 60). In 1717 Manchester was merely a market town of 10,000 people, but by 1911 it had a population of 2. 3 million (Corrick 61). The Industrial Revolution had a huge impact on the United States and Western Europe. We still use technological advances today and if it wasnt for such advancement we wouldnt have these technologies. Before the Industrial Revolution, each generation of people produced a roughly similar amount of products to their predecessors and overall economic wealth was fairly stagnant. After industrialization, production grew quickly and it generally increased each year. The Industrial Revolution led to many new theories, especially in social, economic, and scientific areas. Many of these theories had positive effects, but quite a few had negative effects. The new scientific theories were mostly positive because many resulted in inventions that improved the quality of life for most people. Social changes had both positive and negative impacts. However, many of the negative impacts, such as poor working conditions and child labor were reformed through formation of labor unions and passage of child labor laws. Economic changes were also mostly positive. However, the inequality between countries began to grow, depending on if the country was industrialized or not.

Kenya culture

Kenya culture 1.0 Introduction Development is a multifaceted concept that is determined by different aspects including the resources and the intellectual capacity of using the resources to attain this goal. Governments that have attained this goal are democratic and provide for their citizens with ease. It is also worth noting that the process of development is long term and it calls for some degree of commitment and focus from all stakeholders. This paper analyses the development process of Kenya in light of different theories. Its major aim is to identify key areas that could require attention in order to steer the country to self sufficiency. This invaluable information will be obtained from different primary and secondary sources. Kenya is located in Eastern Africa between latitudes 4 North and 4 South and longitudes 34 East and 41 East. It is bordered to the east by Somalia and the Indian Ocean, to the west by Uganda, to the north by Ethiopia and Sudan and to the south by Tanzania. Its GDP has declined in the recent past to $10.4 and its per capita income stands at US$360 (GOK, 2009). Relatively, its social indicators have also declined just like its economy. Infant mortality stands at 78 per 1000 births and life expectancy declined to 46 years due to the effect of HIV/ Aids pandemic. There is persistence hunger with the children being the most affected. Statistics show that 19% of children under the age of five are under weight (GOK, 2009). The literacy level is presently at 85.1% and the country is characterized by high levels of inequality reflected through unequal distribution of resources. 2.0 Research Findings 2.1 Dependency versus Modernization theory The dependency theory is applicable to the Kenyan economy and it is manifested through the country’s economic state. Over the years, this country has been dependent on loans from the IMF and the World Bank to run its operations. According to the World Bank, today, Kenya has a debt of $ 6.34 billion which it is still servicing. It also highly depends on international economic aid from international countries in cases of natural disasters like famine, floods and diseases. Due to its dependency on the developed nations, the country is susceptible to economic sanctions from the countries it relies on. In addition, the country’s condition has also been contributed to by the increased movement of capital to the west. To this end, the country exports most of its cash produce to the industrialized countries and due to the poor economic state, it has also lost its expertise to other nations as they look for greener pastures. Hence this condition has led to under development in this country. However, if the country adopted the modernization theory with regard to development, it would actually attain the first world level, owing to the fact that it is endowed with a rich natural resource base. In addition, good governance and democracy could be very instrumental in helping the country to attain these heights. 2.2 Religion and Politics Though closely interlinked, religion in Kenya does not influence the entire working of the state. In this respect, religion acts as a check to politics, just like the role played by the media and civil society in the same. Religion in Kenya is used to highlight political aspects that are defective but not entirely change them. However, the state can control religious activities whenever they are deemed insecure or are a threat to state security. It is should also be indicated that that to some extent, the state manipulates religion for its benefit. For instance, politicians in Kenya use the church as a media to communicate their perceptions regarding any political issues in the country. Religion is also highly acknowledged in the country and can be very influential in initiating change and democracy. 2.3 Democracy and Dictatorship Since independence, Kenya was ruled by one party until 1992 when pressure mounted and the country adopted multiparty. The then leader, president Moi assumed leadership again until 2002 when the other parties formed a coalition which led to his defeat. In 2007, there was a dispute over the presidential results between the reigning NARC Kenya coalition party referred to as Part of National Unity (PNU) and the then opposition party ODM. According to the then electoral commission, the chairman was forced to announce President Kibaki as a leader which was contrary to the results in ODM’s party. This implies that the electoral commission lacked credibility and professionalism when executing its duties. In deed, this was way under the international standards and expectations. This led to clashes but later on, under the mediation of Koffi Annan, the two parties agreed to form a coalition government. The country is now headed by a coalition government that has a president and the prime minister. The absence of an official opposition party has led to increased corruption and other evils like impunity by the government officials. The role of putting the government in check has been left at the mercy of the civil society, religion and the media. Although these flaws in governance are always highlighted, little is done to correct them and the media, church and the civil society are virtually a toothless dog. As a result, democracy, besides its fundamental role in development has not been fully achieved in the country. 2.4 Ethnic cultural divisions The disputed 2007 election results made the country to adopt a coalition government for leadership. It is because the country went up in clashes and all tribes fought against the most dominant tribe that the president belongs. Hence the countries leadership was divided between two factions that were representatives of different tribes in the country. Currently, plans are underway to restore peace within all the ethnic classes. In the course of actualizing this reality, the Kenyan government formed a truth and reconciliation commission charged with the responsibility of restoring peace. In addition, most of the refugees that resulted from the post poll clashes have returned to their homes and are rebuilding their lives. Furthermore, the culture of impunity, which has been shunned internationally is being effectively addressed as the Kenyan government has been given an ultimatum to either form local tribunal or have the people who perpetrated the post poll clashes be taken to the Inter national Criminal court. Although this trend is democratically encouraging, studies indicate that if it is no handled carefully, it could result in to ethnic clashes again. The subject is very sensitive because apparently, the perpetrators of post poll clashes are senior government officials and political leaders. These people are very influential and can incite the local communities to fight again. However, if the process goes through peacefully, and the post poll perpetrators are apprehended accordingly, this will be a clear sign that the country is moving towards democracy. To this end, the culture of impunity is unlikely to recur in future. 2.5 Women and Politics Despite the fact that women in Kenya form almost 52% of the entire population, they are widely discriminated against by their male counterparts (GOK, 2009). Indeed, there is a very low representation of women in different sectors of the Kenyan economy including but not limited to education, employment, entrepreneurship and political decision making. Although the Kenyan constitution gives women an equal chance to participate in politics, they always face challenges during campaigns as the political environment in Kenya is majorly anti- women. These challenges range from economic constraints and discrimination to physical abuse where they are raped and beaten. Generally, the representation of women in politics has increased at a snail’s pace since independence. This has also been perpetuated by the cultural and traditional perception of the role of women in the society. Due to the affirmative action adopted recently, women have had a 30% representation in the government. This has led to a significant number of women being nominated as members of parliament. Generally, Handleman’s assumptions are reflected in the Kenyan politics as women, despite being able to provide effective leadership, have been deprived of this chance by the patriarchal society that characterizes his country. 2.6 Globalization Globalization in Kenya has presented both negative and positive implications to all the sectors of the economy. By opening up to the global markets, Kenya is in position to sell its excess produce to other countries. For instance, a significant amount of Kenya’s exports that come from Agriculture are sold to other countries. This has provided the country with foreign exchange and enhanced the living standards of the local farmers. Also, the free movement of information and equipment has seen Kenya adopt various technologies in production. This has in return improved their quality of goods and services to meet the international standards. In addition, increased foreign investment has enabled Kenyans to secure jobs and hence improve their standards of living. Furthermore, globalization has enabled the country to have a taste of the ‘foreign’ culture and generally get exposed to more westernized practices. However, globalization has also presented serious problems to this developing country. In particular, the increased economic production has led to governance problems because the country lacks the capacity to effectively implement and enforce viable policies. Further, the movement of capital to developed countries has deprived this country the chance to develop economically. In addition, the weak environmental policy framework in the country has provided ideal conditions for foreign investments to pollute the Kenyan environment and currently, its environment is degraded. Above all, Kenya has adopted globalization as a full package without identifying the aspects that are detrimental to the performance of its economy. As a result, even with the beneficial aspects of globalization, the country still faces economic decline. Being a highly fragmented country that is characterized by inequality and corruption, globalization just propagates this condition. To this effect, the political leaders are known to amass wealth through corrupt deals. This includes cash, national assets and land that is easily grabbed by the politicians. Hence the gap between the poor and the rich in the country continues to expand everyday. Instead of protecting its individuals, the government officials, through corruption have made the Kenyan people even poorer. Tribalism has permeated to the roots of the country and employment for instance, depends on ‘who knows who’ policy as opposed to the professional qualifications. Coupled with insecurity, this condition has not impressed the investors and they are pulling out of the country steadily. It should be acknowledged that if this trend is allowed to continue, Kenyans are bound to stay in poverty for so long. 2.7 Revolutionary change/Soldiers and politics With regard to the military, Kenya is a stable country whose president is the commander in chief of the same. Concerns however have been raised with regard to extra judicial killings that were carried out by the police during the post poll clashes. Seemingly, the officers were working under directives from their authorities. This is certainly a move that contravenes the provisions of democracy and therefore it should be shunned. Further, the police force in the country is experiencing a considerable degree of tension because of rivalry between the administration police and other disciplines. This should be taken in to consideration and timely interventions taken to avoid possibility of an outbreak of war between the factions. It is because such a condition can compromise the stability of the whole country. 2.8 Social and Health problems in Kenya This country is faced with a myriad of social problems that pose different challenges to the population even as it grapples with the failing economy. Most significantly, the rate of crime in this country has increased a lot with many incidences of armed robbery and car jacking being reported. In the recent past, the trend has changed slightly and now there are many cases of kidnapping. This can be attributed to the increased unemployment especially of the youth. There are also cases of drug abuse and trafficking. This practice is rampant in the coastal town where drugs are sold to tourists by the unemployed youth. The youths also abuse these and severe cases have been reported even in Central Kenya. The drugs are also trafficked to other countries and most recently, some Kenyan youths are facing a death sentence in China because of being caught trafficking drugs. Child and spouse abuse is yet another social ill that characterizes the country. This takes different forms ranging from child labor to child trafficking. Because of the increasing levels of poverty in the country, most children are dropping out of school in order to complement the parents’ efforts of looking for food. They resort to providing labor in large farms and working as house helps in urban areas. Unfortunately the government is doing so little to address this scenario. Children are also sexually abused by strangers as well as their parents. To this end, there have been many incidences of children being raped by their parents who are charged with the responsibility of protecting them. In extreme instances, these children are even infected with HIV and AIDs. Also, in some families, women have often complained of sexual abuse from their spouses. Unfortunately, the Kenyan constitution does not provide legislation for this. The country is also faced with very many health challenges emanating from diseases such as AIDs, Malaria and Tuberculosis. HIV and Aids has been a major threat to the Kenya’s health as infection rates continue to soar. Recent studies affirm that the disease prevalence in Kenya doubled from 5.1% in 1990 to 10.6% in 2003 (GOK, 2009). This has left most children as orphans further making them more susceptible to social ills. These children discontinue their education in order to take care of their siblings. This trend is attributable to the poverty conditions that characterize these people as well as lack of information about the disease and limited resources to manage it. Malaria is another disease that affects the Kenyan population significantly. Studies indicate that round 70% of the Kenyan population is at risk of this threat, implying that indeed, this is a national problem (GOK, 2009). Specifically, expectant mothers and children under the age of five are the most susceptible. This disease continues to claim Kenyan lives despite the effort of the government in addressing the same. The third most dangerous disease is tuberculosis. It is highly contagious and claims so many lives in Kenya. It is associated with HIV and AIDs and its treatment takes a long period of time and is very expensive. However, the government provides this treatment to its citizens free of charge and thus the increasing death levels are majorly caused ignorance and increased resistance levels. Other diseases that pose a threat to the country include outbreaks of cholera, Ebola and other communicable diseases. Usually, this occurs as a result of the government’s delays in addressing the outbreaks as well as lack of enough resources to effectively contain the diseases. 3.0 Conclusion Certainly, from the above discussions, it is notable that the development of a country solely depends on the country’s individual effort. Of course there are different external factors that determine the rate of development but the ultimate goal of attaining this condition is determined by the country. Specifically, rational and viable policies are important in achieving this desirable state. Again, despite the fact that external factors determine the rate of development, the country can hasten this process by adopting positive attitudes. Further, putting in place adequate indicators to measure this development can also have a positive impact on the rate of development as the authorities will occasionally make changes best suited to attain this state. Generally, Kenya is a country that is endowed with enough resources to cater for its needs and provides enough social amenities for its citizens. The major impediment to attaining this goal lies in the poor governance and over dependence on foreign aid. The country should critically analyze its governance and address these concerns accordingly. It should be acknowledged that governance to a great extent determines the type and rate of development of a given country. Indeed, the country’s governance dictates how various resources are sourced used to benefit the citizens. In addition, it determines how the country’s resources are distributed to different parts of the country to be used by citizens in line with priority areas. Apparently, there is need for a paradigm shift with regard to governance in Kenya. However, the ability to achieve this state lies in the Kenyan citizens who have the mandate to elect into power individuals that are development conscious. This can on ly be achieved through education and capacity building as the literacy levels is still very low. 4.0 Reference Government of Kenya, (2009): The Profile of the Republic of Kenya. Nairobi: Government Press.

Essay Comparing the Concept of God in Beowulf and Other Anglo-Saxon Poems :: comparison compare contrast essays

The Concept of God in Beowulf and Other Anglo-Saxon Poems      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Is the concept of God mentioned only in Beowulf or is it a common element in all Anglo-Saxon poetry? Is the concept of God described the same way as in Beowulf?    Beowulf presents a mixture of Christian and pagan elements Hrothgar is demonstrably a monotheist, bu this people were offering sacrifice to pagan gods when Grendel caused them to despair. Let’s try to clarify the concept of God in this poem. In the early lines of this classic we see what is meant by GOD and by GOODNESS, as embodied or exemplified by the king, in this case by King Scyld Scefing:    he grew under heaven,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   prospered in honors until every last one  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   of the bordering nations beyond the whale-road  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   had to heed him, pay him tribute.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He was a good king! A son was born him,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   a glorious heir, young in the courtyards,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   whom God had sent to comfort his people,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   -well had He seen the sinful distress  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   they suffered earlier, leaderless for long.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Therefore the Life-lord, the Ruler of glory,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   granted earthly honor: Beow was famed (8ff)    So goodness in a king is the possession of such strength that other nations fear you. And God is the all-powerful One who grants this earthly honor that Scyld, Beow, Healfdene and Hrothgar shared in. So God the Author of strength is their concept of God as the poem opens. This idea continues:    Then Hrothgar was given  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   victory in battle (64).    Who was the giver? God, of course. From Heorot Hrothgar would:      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   he would share out among young and old  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   all God had given him, except common land  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   and the lives of men (71ff)    Heorot gave joy to the people with its scop narrating â€Å"how the Almighty had made the earth,† the â€Å"life He created, in each of the species,† â€Å"until a certain one began to do evil, an enemy from Hell,† a descendant of Cain. So God’s antithesis is in Grendel and his mother and their â€Å"home in the darkness.† Ater killing more than 60 Dane warriors, Grendel â€Å"grieved not at all for his wicked deeds – was too deep in sin;† many awful sins against mankind, the solitary fiend often committed;† â€Å"he knew not His love.

“Motivation: Main Key of Public Service?”

Since their first day on earth humans have been running after happiness in form of one or the other, though happiness   is something that eludes anyone who chases it, and instead, evolves out of one's actions. Such characteristic of happiness was once nicely described by Allen K. Chalmers's words – â€Å"The grand essentials of happiness are, something to do, someone to love and something to hope for.† A package of actions like that actually   brought forth the idea of motivation – the charger of mind that would keep one inspired to fulfill one's mission. To make things better, the wise humans have even created many sets of do-s and don'ts to maintain a consistent streak of motivation. Those sets have tremendous utility value to maintain balance and consistency in decision-making and action-taking. Over the years, social scientists have improvised   those sets and subset of ideas to further establish the cohesion of thought and action, the ideal approach for any individual or an institution to achieve any undertaken mission. Thus this paper focuses on some of the essential elements of organized behavior like Motivation, Goal Setting and Reward System, before coming to its own conclusion and indicating about its future implication in the field of child protective service. What is Motivation? a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is an internal state or condition that activates behavior and gives it direction; b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is desire or want that energizes and directs goal-oriented behavior; c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is an influence of needs and desires on the intensity and direction of behavior. (Huitt, 2001). Motivation is a psychological phenomenon that propels humans or any other organism to act – be it for survival, or to develop, in this regard, even inaction can also be counted as the product of motivation – especially when humans engage themselves in deep thinking or meditation. Motivation is that persuasive force which the living beings cannot do without. According to modern management guru Shiv Khera (p. 112), motivation is â€Å"a drive that encourages action or feeling. Motivation can also mean igniting the spark for action. It is powerful. It can persuade, convince and propel you into action. In other words, motivation can be defined as motive for action. It is a force that can literally change your life† (Khera, 2004). The definition above might generate a few questions – if motivation is something like an automated process; why then people need to be motivated?   or, if motivation process is already active, then what is the logic behind attempting to activate it further? While it is right that motivation guides every action, yet the degree of its intensity determines the level of achievement. One easy example of that is the difference between humans and animals – while the animals' achievements are limited in leading only a fuller life, humans lead a multi-dimensional life that is packed with uncountable actions in addition to the actions for living. Thus motivation converts itself to a primitive urge to survive when it deals with basics like existence, and it works like the guiding light on aesthetics, emotional or esoteric plane of existence. According to Paul Hanna, every individual has many kind of goals spread out at various levels of his/her existence, and to achieve each of those goals s/he needs to utilize the power of mind and the force of body. In such circumstance motivation could be the only catalyst to synchronize the body and mind of that individual. Here the synchronization of body and mind covers more than the plain eye meets – where motivation enables one to heighten the intensity of emotion and passion to achieve the goal, besides helping to create clear mental pictures of the goal and the roadmap to reach there (Hanna, 2001). Now if one considers about how many instances of such goals a human has to achieve in a single day, the importance of motivation would come clear to one. Humans' world of desires is far more spread than any other creatures of earth, and therefore they need an uninterrupted supply of motivation to accomplish their missions. And what is a desire, anyway? Desire is a some kind of dream which people want to unearth through action. For that much needed action, humans need an intense urge to bring it to perfection. Motivation provides that intense urge with its persuasive force, as for example, auto-suggestion.   â€Å"In the forming of that intense urge,† Shiv Khera says, â€Å"auto-suggestion is a statement made in the present tense, of the kind of person you want to be (Khera, 2004). Motivation thus, an element which conditions a humans to achieve their cherished goals. Reason for Choosing this Topic In this era of fierce competition in every sphere of life humans need to remain motivated to perform their tasks smoothly, to block the stress and to create space for thinking about future development. This more applicable when it comes to public service or on behalf any non-profit organization, where motivation could be the only guiding force to inspire one to stick to social cause and not to opt for other services for personal gain. Therefore this topic has been chosen to spread more awareness regarding the potential of motivation and it's impact on humans. How Motivation Works Motivation creates a power-packed belief about achieving success and creates a make-believe condition where the possibility of the success seems as a reality. There are many ways to motivate the self, but the easiest way to be motivated is to repeat the belief time and again, just like hammering the idea again and again to get it registered in the subconscious mind. The reason behind such act is that, subconscious mind is considered to be a skeptic taskmaster who simply works on and on with whatever assigned to it! It is for this reason Dr. Joseph Murphy, writes in his book, ‘The Power of Your Subconscious Mind' (65), â€Å"Belief is a thought in your mind that causes the power of your subconscious to be distributed into all phases of your life.† While it is true that practice of self-motivation could be a tough task for someone initially, as it might take time to generate a belief in the abilities of the subconscious mind. Yet, the enormous potential of subconscious mind is now widely accepted and one can easily check that with the wise sayings or from the success stories of many. If motivation is something like a train raring to move out from the platform, what could be the shortest possible roadmap between the starting point and the destination? With this question one discovers the importance of   ‘Goal- Setting' a vital task for a person utilize the power of motivation. However motivated one becomes, in the absence of a roadmap, that power will be a sheer waste – as the old adage goes – an aimless life is like a rudderless ship in the sea without any fixed destination. Goal and Goal-setting Goal-setting enables one to march ahead with confidence and brings in joy and cheer through fulfilling a mission in the shortest possible time. Situations shape like that, because the process of goal-setting imbibes the sense of purpose in any action, and thereby justifies it wholeheartedly. Human life has many sets of goals bundled within one big goal like happiness or contentment – thus it can easily be understood that if one wants to achieve the main goal, one has to obtain the goals within it. But is it possible to achieve every goal of life? Certainly not. If it is so, then are the humans destined to miss the happiness? Certainly not, because it is the attitude towards accomplishing the goal that brings in satisfaction, which counts more on the devotion of one's inner beings rather than the external conditions, which might not always be conducive to achieve the goal. To clear the confusion in this regard, the sages have provided a solution, where they created a sub set of goals within the main goal of happiness, which usually covers the six areas of human life. And they are: 1. Family : To achieve harmony and prosperity. 2. Finance : To achieve source of sustenance and development and freedom of movement. 3. Physical and mental health : To achieve healthy body and a sound mind. 4. Social responsibility : To achieve good understanding with the world around by mutual exchange of good vibes and necessities. 5. Spiritual standing : To achieve the understanding about the greater world and its association with self. There are many explanations available about these areas – however, all are varied or extended interpretation of one single idea – to be happy with one's endeavor in life. Thus, it is easily understood that goal-setting is that coveted road-map or the action-plan which not only helps to achieve the goals, but also adds purpose in the actions. In other words, goal-setting is a multifarious instrument which encompasses all individual as well as collective goals, all the while acting as a helper to determine the feasibility of a goal, as well as a provider of suggestion of an alternative plan (John, 2007). Reward System Reward system is something that is based on the effect of appreciation and recognition on the humans. It caters to the emotional need of humans, which in turn motivates them. In today's world, when every people are stretched with competition the need for emotional support is being felt more than ever. â€Å"Every behavior comes out of ‘pain and gain' principle†, says Shiv Khera (p110), while emphasizing on the fact that if the pain is greater than the gain, then that would be a deterrent to smooth action. If the gain is greater than the pain, that is a motivator. (Khera, pp110) There can be many types of gains, ranging from money, vacations or gifts to medallions, or even they can be intangible too – recognition, appreciation, sense of achievement, growth, responsibility, sense of fulfillment, self-worth, accomplishment, and belief are the examples of such gains, which comes more from selfless public service. Reward system separates the elements of motivation into two categories, external and internal. In the first category it lists items like money, societal fame, approval, or fear, while in the second, it keeps factors like â€Å"pride, sense of achievement, responsibility and belief†. It values the fact that inner motivation is actually the inner gratification that might not always depends on the material success – it is an innate desire to feel content with an accomplishment, rather than just achieving a goal (Khera, 2004). This is very important issue in the sphere of public service. The elements like praise, love and faith can rise anytime as the most important element of motivation under a specific environment, they can be instrumental to boost one's self esteem, or to build a strong conviction to march ahead towards one's cherished goal. Inner motivation factors are bound to be more powerful than the outer ones. CONCLUSION From the above discussion it becomes clear that motivation, goal setting and reward system together form the way towards, the ultimate goal, and all three of them are entwined and can even be flexible in their order of appearance. Primary motivation (to succeed in life) helps to goal setting – which then can check and filter the mission before breaking them into easy steps. Next, reward system inspires a person towards accomplishing the mission. However, in all its form, motivation is extremely powerful and an invaluable tool to succeed in life. It persuades, convinces and propels one into action and therefore, it is an invaluable tool to motivate oneself and others in public service or in non-profit organizations. Application of Motivation in Chosen Mission Since I'm planning to work as child protective service worker in charge of four co-workers, I can utilize the power of motivation at every level of its functioning, where goal-setting can help us in formulating our schedules in three steps – long-term, mid-term and short-term, while reward system can take clue from the history of civilization that records innumerable selfless human endeavors to achieve happiness for the society. For the greater application of motivation we would use factors like pride, sense of achievement, responsibility and belief in oneself, besides practicing auto-suggestion technique and covering all areas of life that one has to deal in life. This way we would keep our spirit fresh to devote ourselves in public service. A Brief Overview of How Motivation can be Applied into My Workplace References Carnegie, D. (1999). â€Å"How to Stop Worrying and Start Living†. Dale Carnegie ;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Associates Inc. Hanna, P. (2001). â€Å"Believe and Achieve†. Penguin Books, 2001. Huitt, W. (2001). â€Å"Motivation to learn: An Overview†. Educational Psychology    Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved 12 April 2008.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/motivation/motivate.html Khera, S. (2004). â€Å"You Can Win†. Macmillan India, 2004 Murphy, J. (2001). â€Å"The Power of Your Subconscious Mind†. Bantam Books, January   Ã‚   2001 â€Å"Motivation†. Retrieved 10 April 2008.   http://www.d.umn.edu/kmc/student/loon/acad/strat/motivate.html â€Å"Motivation & Leadership†. (1997). Retrieved 10 April 2008. http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadmot.html â€Å"Seven Rules of Motivation†. (2000). Retrieved 11 April 2008. http://www.motivation-tools.com/ elements/seven_rules.htm Information Technology and Management. â€Å"What is Motivation?† Retrieved 12 April 2008. http://opax.swin.edu.au/~388226/howto/it2/motiv1.htm John. (2007). â€Å"Increase Self Motivation†. Retrieved 12 April 2008. http://www.pickthebrain.com/blog/21-proven-motivation-tactics/ Webb, B. (2000). â€Å"Elements of Motivation. Motivational-Tool†. Retrieved 12 April 2008. http://www.motivation-tools.com/elements/ database. Weller, M. (2005). â€Å"General Principles of Motivation†. Retrieved 12 April 2008. http://honolulu.hawaii.edu/intranet/committees/FacDevCom/guidebk/teachtip/ motivate.htm ; ; ; ; ; ;

The Effect Of Outdoor Play On Children Young People Essay Example

The Effect Of Outdoor Play On Children Young People Essay Example The Effect Of Outdoor Play On Children Young People Essay The Effect Of Outdoor Play On Children Young People Essay The purpose of this undertaking is to research the consequence of out-of-door drama on kids s societal, emotional and physical development. Harmonizing to Bruce ( 2004 ) drama is likely one of the least understood facets of an early-childhood practician s work ( p.135 ) . The conceptualization of drama is shared by many other early childhood practicians for whom drama is considered indispensable, as an activity advancing acquisition ( p.135 ) . Outdoor drama is a much needed activity in the early childhood. You may hold come across a kid playing and you are certain he/she is holding a merriment clip. Therefore, drama is the edifice block of a kid s rational accomplishments. Through drama kid develops societal, emotional and physical accomplishments. The out-of-doorss harmonizing to Letter A ; Wyver ( 2008 ) presents obvious chances to travel and be active, and for kids to detect and prosecute with the natural environment, every bit good as the opportunity for unfastened ende d activities such as sand A ; H2O drama, building and feign drama. Harmonizing to Hutt et Al ( 1989, p.10 ) the emotional and societal development of pre-school kids depends crucially upon drama while Penn ( 2008 ) asserts that to larn about kid development is to larn about Piaget ( p.41 ) . As Piaget focused on how kids get cognition, he tried to understand how kids change the manner they think, how babes show intense reactions to external stimuli them ( Penn, 2008 ) . Ibid ( 2008 ) asserts that it was Piaget who provided a theoretical legitimating of larning through drama. In add-on, Berk ( 2009 ) , Keenan ( 2002 ) A ; Bruce ( 2004 ) are steadfast trusters that kids actively explore their environment and are influential in determining their ain cognition. They believe that it was through societal interaction with more experient and more knowing members of the society parents, relations, instructors, equals etc. that kids are able to get the cognition and accomplishments that a civilization deems to be of import Harmonizing to Bruce ( 2004 ) there is no clear definition for drama. It is still an umbrella universe ( Ibid, 1991 ) , while other early childhood practicians defined drama as child s work. Play is primary manner kids express their societal nature ( Strickland et al, 2003 ) . Ibid ( 2003 ) argued that all childs enjoy playing entirely some of the clip ; while some prefer to play with others ( societal drama ) much of the clip. Play is an built-in portion of larning. Piaget defined drama as a sort of scientific dry run ( Penn, 2008 ; p.43 ) . While Bitton ( 2010 ) stated that drama offers a meaningful context for kids and that it is merely when a state of affairs has significance and intent ED3000 0749364 that kids can work at a higher degree ( p.49 ) . Children s emotions are ways in which they react to state of affairss while societal development refers to how they get entirely with equals and organize relationships ( Ashiabi, 2007 ) . Furthermore, emotional and societal developments are linked because kids s societal interactions are normally emotionally charged ( Ibid, 2007 ) . To clearly research the function of out-of-door drama on societal, emotional and physical development. Strickland et Al ( 2003 ) asserts that out-of-door drama is critical to the societal development of 3-4 twelvemonth old kids, and to misss in peculiar when it comes to constructing self assurance ( p.2 ) . In add-on, kids learn to be more empathy and less egoistic through drama and they develop more accomplishments for get bying with struggle while male childs tend to prosecute in more societal dramatic outdoor drama than indoors ; outdoor play allows male childs who are more physical to presume leading functions ( Srickland, 2002 ) and possibly acquire more positive avowal than they do indoors. White ( 2007 ) confirmed that when given the pick, the out-of-doorss is where most kids want to be and playing out-of-doorss is preferred to indoors. In support of this statement, Eustice A ; Heald ( 1992 ) argued that out-of-door drama is an extension of schoolroom activities which summari ses the beliefs of early twelvemonth direction that kids learn best by researching, look intoing and work outing jobs out-of-doorss ( p.7 ) . While Alfano ( 2010 ) asserts that playing out-of-doorss is a signifier of exercising that promotes well-being and wholesome physical developments ; and that kids are of course drawn to active drama out-of-doorss. One of the obvious benefits of acquiring childs outside to play is the increased exercising they will be acquiring as opposed to puting in forepart of the T.V. or computing machine. Most early old ages bookmans have besides assert that when kids play out-of-doorss they are developing mentally, emotionally, socially, and physically. This position is supported by Johnson et Al ( 2002 ) that kids gain tonss of chances outside to develop basic societal accomplishments and societal competences e.g. running, leaping cycling, fell and seek, sing ; detection, make noise, do muss, crawl, and research the natural universe unchallenged. While Brice ( 2004 ) viewed that through drama, kids develop inaugural and are strengthened to face challenges in life ( p.134 ) . More so, playing out-of-doorss reduces emphasis in childs. Children express and work out emotional facets of mundane experiences through unstructured drama ( Levesque. 2011 ) . Whilst Strickland ( 2002 ) argued that there are besides chances for emotional development as kids test their bound and challenge themselves to seek things that may be merely at the border of their range ED3000 0749364 Furthermore, most theoreticians found that make-believe drama out-of-doorss was the most dominant signifier of drama ( Bulton, 2002 ) . Possibly that s why theoreticians such as Piaget and Vygotsky assert that pretend drama provides kids with chances to pattern grown up and perspective speaking ( Ashiabi, 2007 ; p.2002 ) . Besides, in make-believe drama a kid is ever above his mean age ( Penn, 2008 ; p.44 ) and above their day-to-day behavior. In add-on, Wyver A ; Little ( 2008 ) asserts that drama besides facilitates linguistic communication development, originative thought and problem-solving ; and helps kids trade with complex and viing emotions. In position of the above statement, parents should let their kids play with other kids because it helps in the emotional and societal development. Although societal and emotional benefits of out-of-door drama may non be in clear cut, one benefit from research is that it allows childs to travel freely, make noise and self-express themselves in ways that many non be promoting inside. Outside drama encourages logical thought and the ability to ground through extremely synergistic activities such as constructing sand-castles, playing games with friends, playing mystifiers with friends etc. Time spent outdoors with equals helps to make societal accomplishments that are needed for great healthy friendly relationship ( Brouillette, 2010 ) . While Froebal cited by Bruce ( 2004 ) stated that drama is the highest degree of acquisition .activities of the kid ( p.132 ) . While Siraj-Blatchford et Al ( 2002 ) cited by Bruce ( 2004 ) shows that the richest drama is found particula rly in nursery schools. Harmonizing to Little A ; Wyver ( 2008 ) the significance of out-of-door drama as an indispensable portion of every kid s life has besides been acknowledged by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Article 31 supports a kid s right to rest and leisure, and to take part in drama and recreational activities appropriate to the age of the kid. There are other grounds why playing outdoor is of import for kids, harmonizing to Stewart ( 2010 ) when kids play outdoors, they are more likely to keep a healthy weight because they get the opportunity to fire off excess Calories by running, jumping, mounting, siting motorcycles, shouting etc. which can besides take to better slumber. Besides, the above exercising aid kids to develop little and big musculuss, strengthened castanetss, additions flexibleness, all right and gross motor accomplishments and improves their overall wellness ( Ibid, 2010 ) . In add-on, out-of-door drama is of import in early childhood because it helps in the physical development of the kid as ED3000 0749364 fleshiness is a common job among kids today ( Pillar, 2010 ) . Therefore, prosecuting in out-of-door drama helps in forestalling childhood fleshiness. More so, Vitamin D is indispensable for the tegument and can merely be derived by playing out-of-doorss as it is impossible to acquire an equal sum from nutrient and vitamins entirely. Geting childs outdoor increases the exposure to sun and their natural production of Vitamin D. In contrary to the above advantages of out-of-door drama, White ( 2007 ) argued that today it seems that the motive for kids s outdoor drama has declined because planetary society is really busy in its daily activities and over protected parents. Furthermore, many school age kids have excessively much prep after school, hence holding less clip for out-of-door drama. Whilst those without prep are excessively busy/lazy watching T.V, playing computing machine games, or pre-occupied chatting with friends online. Lastly, some parents are excessively busy with work and other activities ( watching T.V, Football, cooking ) to see to their kids s adequate outdoor drama. Some parents are so paranoid that every adult male outside the street with large glasses/spectacles is a deviant or pedophile waiting to assail or kidnap their kids as they play outdoors. Furthermore, societal and environmental factors have greatly impacted on kids s chances for out-of-doorss play. Little A ; Wyver ( 2008 ) asserts that where one time kids may hold spent clip playing in the street siting bike, playing trailing games, and conceal amp ; seek etc, increased traffic has made these countries and play chances off-limits for kids as the alterations are far excessively great. Childs are now confined to classroom, backyards or local Parkss for comparatively safe topographic points to play. Besides, Ibid ( 2008 ) stated that addition demand for lodging in many countries, peculiarly urban countries, is gnawing kids s drama land. Last, harmonizing to Johnson et Al ( 2005 ) supplying for out-of-door drama demands for kids is a complex and disputing undertaking. A assortment of factors must be considered, including the assorted drama demands of immature kids, supervising, safety etc. while many pedagogues, politicians, and parents believe out-of-door drama takes clip off from academic activities ; as a consequence, deferral and physical instruction in many schools is limited or wholly eradicated ( Sutterby A ; Frost, 2002 cited by Johnson et Al, 2005 ) . Word Counts: 1,613

Do You Need to Go on College Tours 4 Reasons to Visit

Do You Need to Go on College Tours 4 Reasons to Visit SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You’ve probably felt the pressure to go on college tours, but just how important are they? Are they an essential part of the college planning process, or is it not a big deal if you opt out? This guide will go over the most important reasons to visit a college, along with some circumstances when you might choose not to tour.We’ll also discuss how you can prepare to make the most out of your college visits. First off, what are some reasons you should tour your prospective colleges? Why Should You Tour Your Colleges? There are several strong reasons to visityour colleges of interest. For one, seeing and learning about the school in person can be a huge help in determining where you want to apply. You can find out more about the college from firsthand sources, like your tour guide and other current students. All of these impressions can serve as useful material if you need to have a college interview or write a supplemental essay about why you want to attend. Finally, having your name on the tour rosters can markwhat many admissions officers call â€Å"demonstrated interest.† Let’s take a look at each of these reasons in more detail, starting with how useful it can be to see a college and its surrounding environment in person. Seethe collegecampus and its surrounding environment with your own eyes, like this intrepid explorer. Reason #1: To See the School and City in Person One of the most compelling and important reasons to tour your college is to see it firsthand! These are the classrooms, dorms, and library you’ll be living in for the next four years; you want to check them out in person before committing. Walk around, soak up the atmosphere, and listen to what your intuition tells you about how it would suit your personal and academic goals. A college tour will let you see the buildings inside and out, including classrooms, dorms, dining halls, gyms, music rooms, and science labs. You can get a sense of what’s happening oncampus on flyer-covered bulletin boards, and see the places where students congregate - especially if you visit when classes are in session. The official tour will show you around campus, and you can check out the surrounding environment too. Some students are drawn to the busy, active vibe of New York City; others would prefer to study in a peaceful countryside setting. Some would love to see fall colors paint the trees on campus; others want to get as far away from the possibility of snow as they can. As you explore the surrounding scenes, find out if there are cafes and movie theaters around, or if most students stay on campus to socialize. You may want to find out if the area's affordable or generally asafe place. If you're looking for mountains to climb, a suburban feel, a large music scene, or a big city full of business internship opportunities, you can see if the area has what you want. Virtual tours and photos can only take you so far, and descriptions of colleges may be biased to promote it. The best way to get a genuine sense of the place is toexplore it in person. You’re the one who will be attending, so you should first see it with your own eyes. Learn about the college by going straight to the source. Reason #2: To Learn About the School from Firsthand Sources If your searches for school info have led down dead ends, then you know that admissions websites don’t always have the answers to all your questions. Tour guides will be there to answer any outstanding questions, plus they’ll teach you fun facts and history that give you a deeper insight into the college. Most tour guides are current students who are big fans of the college. Since they’re students, they can give you firsthand knowledge ofthe student experience.In addition to getting your own questions answered, you can learn from the questions askedby others in the tour group. Some tours involve an hour or so walk around campus. Others, though, involve a much more involved itinerary. You might be able to sit in on a lecture, meet with admissions officers or a professor, or even arrange to stay overnight in a dorm. That way, you’ll get tons of personalized guidance and stories from all different perspectives: faculty, administration, and perhaps most importantly, current students. All of this can serve to fuel your excitement and enthusiasm about a school, which may empower you to produce an even stronger application. On the flip side, it may save you a lot of effort and an application fee if you discover, in the end, that the school’s not for you. Either way, clarifying your desires and reasons to attend is key before you apply. Spark some ideas for any supplemental essays. Reason #3: To Write a Killerâ€Å"Why Us?† Essay Besides amping up your motivation to create the best application you can, a college visit will help if you need to write an essay to the prompt, â€Å"Why us?† Not all colleges ask for this, but there are many that require a supplemental essay in which you delineateyour reasons for wanting to attend. Colleges want to ensure that you have specific knowledge of their culture, courses, professors, and other opportunities. If you can include something unique that you learned on a tour, rather than repeat info from their website, then your essay could stand out even more. You don’t know what stories you’ll gain from your tour and exploring the surrounding area, so go with an open mind and see how your impressions translate to any supplemental essays that you may need to write.Just as some colleges ask you to write about your interest, some also keep track of their tour rosters to see if you â€Å"demonstrated interest† via a tour or communication with the admissions office. Having your name on a campustour list might officially document your "demonstrated interest." Reason #4: To Officially Demonstrate Your Interest in the School So far, we’ve talked about how personally illuminating it can be to tour your college and its surrounding environment. You may have also heard that touring can strengthen your chances of admission, because it shows you did your due diligence. So what’s the story with this idea of â€Å"demonstrated interest†? Does it really help you get accepted? Admissions committees are, generally speaking, rather secretive about their processes. They emphasize that their process is a holistic one that considers the â€Å"whole student,† rather than pieces of data. While this system has its strengths, it also means that we don’t have clear answers aboutexactly how officers consider eachpiece of your application. In the end, we’re often left with the frustrating answer, â€Å"It depends.† So as for how far demonstrated interest makes an impression on admissions officers, I’d also have to say, â€Å"It depends.† Generally speaking, the conventional wisdom seems to be correct - it can be in your favor for the college to have your name on its visit records. The more you can connect with a school, by going on an official tour, emailing admissions officers, and/or speaking to faculty, the more interested in the school you’ll appear to be. It will seem as though you’ve been thorough in your research, and admissions officers can be fairly confident that, if given an offer of admission, you will accept and enroll. Since colleges are looking to improve their yield - or increase the number of students who accept admission offers - they appreciate your â€Å"demonstrated interest.† A few admissions officers, furthermore, have said that they would perceive it as a lack of interest on the student’s part if she lived close by and didn’t ever take a tour. This definitely isn'ta make or break part of your application, but you certainly don’t want to come off as disinterested. Admissions officers value enthusiasm, excitement, and commitment. On the other hand, some schools, probably for the sake of fairness or because they already have more than enough information to evaluate, don’t track your interest. Yale, for instance, says, â€Å"Yale does not track visits to campus or contact with our admissions staff for the purposes of evaluating applications."They want people to sign up for tours, so they have a sense of numbers, but they say they won’t look at it later. Admissions officers understand that not everyone cantour a school. If you live far away, then they shouldn’t hold it against you. In the end, taking a tour is not essential, nor should it affect your admission chances very much. If you live close toa college, then you should make every effort to demonstrate your interest by signing up and touring. If it’s geographically or financially difficult for you, don’t stress about it. In fact, there are a few reasons why it might not make sense for you to tour a school. Let’s look at what a few of these reasons are. Don't worry if your college is just too far away. Are There Any Reasons Not to Tour a School? As I said above, don’t stress if it’s just way too difficult for you to visit a school. Some students apply to colleges across the country, and they might not have the time or money to visit all, or any, of their far-off prospective colleges. Others may be busy with after-school jobs or babysitting siblings, or they simply might not be able to afford the planes, trains, or automobiles to get there. Distance and finances are two very understandable reasons for not being able to tour a college, despite your interest in seeing it firsthand. Hopefully, you can still reach out to administration and current students online and check out the photos and virtual college tours offered on many school websites. Now, if your only reason for forgoing a tour is that you already know a lot about a school - perhaps a sibling already attended - I wouldn’t advise skipping it. It’s still a good idea to visit, demonstrate your interest, and shape your own impressions. To reiterate, if visiting a school is burdensome or otherwise just not feasible for you, then don’t worry about it. If you have the means and time, then check it out! In that case, your next step should be signing up. Like any good guest, make sure to RSVP to your college tour. How Do You Sign Up for College Tours? You can find tour schedules and sign-ups on each college’s website. You’ll often find this info on the admissions site under the heading of â€Å"Visit.† To get there most directly, you could search for â€Å"Name of College + Visit.† If you want to check out what a few of these pages look like, you can see the tour information for Penn State,University of California at Berkeley, University of Chicago, and Harvard here. For colleges of historical interest, like Harvard, double check that you’re finding the tour for prospective freshmen, rather than a general historical tour! You may notice that many schools offer a morning and afternoon tour. If you’re looking at schools that are close together, should you fit in two tours in one day? How Many Tours Should You Sign Up for On the Same Day? Since many schools offer two or more tours a day, some students try to fit in two or more in one day. While you may be able to check out two colleges if they’re close together, I recommend giving each visit the time it deserves. In addition to the one to two hours that most tours take, you may be able to sit in on a lecture or meet with an admissions officer. Beyond the tour itself, you also should take some time to explore campus and the surrounding area, searching out the cafes, movie theaters, restaurants, concert halls, hiking paths, or whatever else you might be looking for in your life as a college student. So rather than rush around checking colleges off your list as fast as possible, make sure to take your time and make the most of your visit by focusing on one tour per day. Most high school students are granted several excused absences in junior and senior year to visit colleges, and you may be able to find extra time by visiting on weekends. That being said, when’s a good time to visit colleges? You'll see a much different college if you visitduring the semester versus winter or summer break. When’s the Best Time to Tour Schools? Considering your school visits can help you determine what schools make your college list, it’s a good idea to visit in junior year or earlier. Most junior students are granted 3 to 4 excused absences to visit colleges. If you can’t miss a school day due to your high school'spolicy or a largeworkload, many colleges also offer tours on the weekends or over the summer. The only drawback of visiting over the summer or, to some extent, on weekends is that you won’t get to see the college in full swing. There’s a big difference in the atmosphere if students are walking between class and studying on the lawn or the library versus cleared out and empty. Plus, with summer tours you may not have the opportunity for an overnight visit or to sit in on a lecture. Touring in the summer still beats no tour at all, but if you can, try to visit during fall or spring semester. Colleges, by the way, usually have different vacations than do high schools. So if you’re too busy with assignments and after-school activities to tour during a school week, then you might go during February or April break or certain high school holidays that fall on a Monday. You’ll be on vacation, but college students won’t be. This plan probably won’t work for the December holidays, though - colleges tend to have several weeks off, usually from early to mid-December to early to mid-January. Besides this big winter break, what other times are not ideal for touring? Hey, where'd everyone go? When’s the Worst Time to Tour Schools? Colleges have a different schedule than do high schools. You can take advantage of your vacation times to visit colleges when classes are in session, but you also should probably plan to avoid college break times. In addition to winter break, colleges have breaks over Thanksgiving and typically in the second or third week of March (spring break!). Before the December holidays vacation, they usually have a â€Å"reading period,† a week or two during which students study for finals and then take their exams. Classes won’t be in session. Reading periods and exam weeksusually precede the end of the fall semester and end of the spring semester. Finally, if you’re interested in visiting admissions offices, then you should check ahead to make sure this is a possibility. Admissions officers get busy with application review season in March and April, so if you’d like to visit at this time and meet with an admissions officer, just make sure they have time to talk with prospective students. However,you can still gain a lot from walking around campus and checking out the facilities and thesurrounding city even if classes aren’t in session. But if you plan ahead, you can make the most of your visit by visiting during the semester and getting the truest sense of the college in action. Apart from signing up for the tour, you should also prepare some questions to connect with your tour guide and find out more information about the college. Before you visit, prepare some questions to ask your college tour guide! What to Prepare for Campus Tours College tour guides are there to help! Most tour guides are current students who are enthusiastic about sharing info and insight into the school. Make the most of your visit by preparing questions to ask. It’s especially important to prepare a list of questions if you’re meeting with an administrator. So what should these questions look like? They might include, How much time do you typically spend on homework? What’s the average class size? (You may specify this question for a certain department.) What kind of orientation programs are there for freshmen? Are there opportunities for research in nanoengineering (or whatever the subject might be)? Can you talk about the community service clubs? Is it common to study abroad? What are the dorms like? How would you rate the food, on a scale from decent to inedible? Do a lot of students belong to frats or sororities? Really, you can ask anything you want to know that’s specific to your unique interests or goals. Find out answers to your questions that aren’t already available on the school website. Now that you’ve made it this far, let’s summarize what you need to remember about why, when, and how to visit your prospective colleges. To Sum Up... If you're able to find the time, money, and transportation to visit your colleges, I highly recommend doing so. Not only will you learn a ton of important info about the school, but you'll get to see and sense the general atmosphere of the campus and its surrounding area. Since this is the place where you could learn, live, and grow for four years, you want to make sure it fits your goals and personality. Most schools give juniors three to four excused absences to tour, plus you can go during your winter or spring breakssince colleges have different vacation schedules. Try to prioritize visiting when classes are in session. That way, you'll have more chances to sit in on a lecture, meet with administration or faculty, and get an authentic sense of the college when it's in full swing. Sign up for tours online, andspend plenty of time exploring. Show up with some questions in mind. Your tour guide can especially give you genuine insight into the student experience and social scene on campus. Visiting colleges will be a huge help in determining where you do and don't want to apply. In addition to weighing the courses and facilities the colleges have to offer, you should also make sure to listen to your intuition. Take some time alone to sit on a bench or steps outside the library, look around, and see if you can picture yourself there. If you feel it would be a great fit, you may, after your visit, be even better equipped tocommunicate whyin your application. Then, hopefully, admissions officers will feel the same way! What's Next? Just as you should explore the surrounding environment when you visit college campuses, you should also take the time to think about what kind of place would best fit you. Do you want to go toa big schoolor a smallschool? Do you want to stay close to home or look farther away? Check out these guides for more on how to decide and what other factorsto consider when creating your college list. Another concernwhen making your college listmay be financial aid. If this is important toyou, checkout these 27 colleges with the best financial aid! Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

language teaching and learning essays

language teaching and learning essays The Legend of 1900 is really a deep, significence movie which overwrought with personal philosophy. Through symbols, the features of 1900s personality and the questions he faced in life. The "Virginian" is a wonderful microcosm, a jumping off point for hundreds of thousands of immigrants. The vessel serves as a character herself, a place where both death and life abound. No gimmicks are used to make the ship into a character, but we still become attached to it and share Max's sadness as he surveys its final rotted interior, searching for the elusive nautical semi-poltergeist. We don't learn much about 1900 except his relationship to the Virginia; he jealously guards his talent against challenges and even keeps his music from being heard on a recording almost like a ghost who wants to be in control of his manifestations. Maybe he's the human child of the boat itself. On board the Virginian, anything seems possible for 1900. He has his music. He has an enthralled audience every crossing. He has friends like Max, who joins the ship's band. What he doesn't have is the ability to set foot on land. He is a true creature of the sea - apart, disconnected, viewing life from the safety of a piano bench or a ship's deck. In some ways he's as sadly isolated as Quasimodo perched among Notre Dame's spires. That is his weak point in his temperament. Nothing can get him to leave. Not Max's entreaties. Not a record producer's offers of fame and fortune. Not even an enigmatic, beautiful girl who represents all the promise of the unknown. The ship begins as 1900's floating cradle and ends, metaphorically and more, as his floating crypt. The sad truth is, instead of celebrating his genius, 1900's life is suffused with such a sense of moping terror and sheer "smallness" that the entire story shudders just to look at him. the shy, fragile charm of 1900. 1900 becomes a figure larger than life, a musician with ...

Supply and Demand Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Supply and Demand - Term Paper Example Third, if demand remains unaffected and supply rises, there will be surplus causing a decreased equilibrium price. Fourth, if demand remains unaffected and there is a decrease in supply, there will be a shortage causing an increased equilibrium price. This paper will look at supply and demand. On the supply side, it will discuss Ronald Regan, and on the demand side, it will look at Franklin Delano Roosevelt (Caplin and Schotter 43). The paper will go on to highlight the difference between supply and demand while looking at the economic environment then and now, and other components such as interest rates, housing market, etc. Supply side economics is a branch of macroeconomics which asserts that economic growth may be most adequately developed by lessening barriers for individuals to produce services and goods, for example, lessening capital gains tax rates and income tax, and by permitting enhanced flexibility by lessening regulation. Consistent with supply side economics, customers will benefit from a significant supply of services and goods at decreased prices. Standard supply side economists’ policy recommendations are less regulation and lower marginal tax rates. The Laffer curve symbolizes a principle of supply side economics that government tax revenues from a specified tax are identical at100% tax rates as at the 0% tax rate correspondingly. The tax rate which attains the highest or optimum government revenues is placed in the middle of the two values. Reaganomics is an example of supply side economics. Reagan aspired to control the growth of special spending and promote entrepreneurship as well as the decrease of inflation and regulation (Caplin and Schotter 56). During the Reagan era, the economic growth was approximately 3.2%. During the Ford and Carter era, the economic growth averaged 2.8%. In subsequent years, the economic growth averaged 2.1%. In addition, during the Reagan era, the real median family income rose by $4,000 after experienci ng no rise before the Reagan era. Nonetheless, in the post-Reagan era the median family income experienced a loss of approximately $1,500. Moreover, the unemployment rate, housing sector, inflation, and interest rates declined rapidly under the Reagan administration than they did instantly after or prior to his leadership. The sole economic variable that was worse in the Reagan era than in both the post- and pre-Reagan periods was the savings rate, which rapidly decreased in the 1980s. Also, the productivity rate was elevated in the pre-Reagan era but much lesser after the Reagan presidency. Demand side economics refers to the economic model which proposes that economic inspiration comes adequately from enhancing the demand for services and goods. This notion is typically placed in direct contrast with supply side economics. Similar to a large number of economic theories, it is extremely easier to comprehend the standards of demand side economics in theory instead of practice. First and foremost, demand side economics is a way of eliminating an economy of recession and accelerating economic growth while thwarting inflation. It is meant as a restraint on both retraction and enlargement to keep an economy in a steady state. The concept is that to accelerate growth, an administration should decrease taxes on the working and middle class and enhance government spending. To deal with

Policy Corruption in New Orleans before and after Hurricane Katrina Essay

Policy Corruption in New Orleans before and after Hurricane Katrina - Essay Example However, this may not always hold true. For one reason or another, there are countries in which those part of the law enforcement agency are not only poor or incompetent at their job, but are more concerned of pursuing their own self-interests rather than to serve and to protect. Of course, the most instinctive solution would be to kick them out of the force, but even this does not always happen – often because the higher-ups remain ignorant, or worse, are themselves complicit in such morally questionable acts. While no law enforcement agency can ever be characterized as perfect – not least because each one will have at least a few shortcomings or problem areas to balance out its strengths – there are those that go as far as they can in the other extreme, not just failing to enforce and uphold law and order but even actively undermining it. In such a case, the so-called law enforcers become little more than goons in uniform, terrorizing the public in a manner not unlike the criminals they are supposed to be hunting down. Unfortunately, even in this day and age, there are law enforcement agencies which can be aptly described in such a manner. One of the more infamous examples in recent memory is the New Orleans Police Force, which was rocked by all manner of issues such as corruption and police brutality in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. This paper is thus intended as a look at the corruption that rocked the NOPD to its foundations in the immediate aftermath of the calamity, hopefully in order to draw conclusions about how best to prevent such a scandal from recurring in the future. NOPD – The Corruption As noted in the New York Times by Treaster and Newman (2005), the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina saw the bulk of the police force dedicated to mounting rescue efforts all over the city. Unfortunately, this also meant that they ended up turning a blind eye to the opportunists who chose that moment to enrich themselves at the cost of th e victims of the disaster. As a matter of fact, the inaction of the police force to these crimes resulted in criminals becoming so audacious as to commit crimes not only in broad daylight, but even in front of officers themselves in some cases – often with only a slap on the wrist to show for it, if at all. In fact, the situation got so bad that even then-City Councilor Jackie Clarkson was forced to acknowledge and lament the rapidly deteriorating situation. The calamity that had struck only recently at that time led to a major, major breakdown in channels of transportation and communications, which in turn led to a disquieting impotence on the part of police officers to properly counteract the terrible, terrible spike in crime rates. Looting in particular became alarmingly common during this time, with the shopkeepers involved forced to defend their property all by themselves. Armed robbery also reached a disturbing level of frequency at this point in the history of New Orle ans, with most of the victims being robbed at gunpoint. For the most part, though, the looting incidents that were reported simply involved calamity victims gathering basic necessities such as food, water and clothing from unattended stores – which, while still being far from legally or morally permissible, were much more understandable in light of the terrible, terrible damage wrought by Hurricane Katrina.

Supermarkets in UK Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Supermarkets in UK - Literature review Example The researcher aims to evaluate and present academic journals that relate to the topic. The first academic article that relates to my topic is UK Supermarket Space Race Faces Scrutiny by Andrea Felsted. â€Å"The main beneficiaries in the retail grocery sector of this drive to economies have been those large-scale supermarkets that have pushed everyday low prices, while some of the more basic bargain retailers have also seen benefits†. The article Supermarkets – The New Drivers of Urban Growth published in the journal says that, Supermarkets have turned out to be one of the main players in shaping and building places. The author summaries in the article are that, retailers don’t desire to construct a supermarket these days. â€Å"While the economic downturn has impacted heavily upon most development, the major retailers have gone from strength to strength. Supermarkets are increasingly being built on prime sites in an urban setting, rather than out of town, and investment in the site goes well beyond building a big retail shed† Mintel in his book says that it was a very rough year in 2010 for grocery retailers, due to clients switching to extremely competitive discount food dealers, and that they paid more attention on wasting food. According to Alexandru M. Degeratu in his article called, Consumer Choice Behavior in Online and Traditional Supermarkets: The Effects of Brand Name, Price, and other Search Attributes, says that, there is rising interest or attention in understanding the results of computer mediated shopping atmospheres. A subject of particular interest to equally academics and practitioners is in determining whether there are methodical dissimilarities in customer choice behavior among regular and online (offline) storerooms, and if there are dissimilarities, in understanding the causes for these differences. â€Å"Advertising induces brand loyalty in consumers who would otherwise purchase the cheapest alternative on t he market.†4 According to Helen E Perriman in his article, THE IMPACT OF THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR, behavior of the consumer is influenced by both interior features and external features that characterize the atmosphere in which the person behavior takes place. (Helen E Perriman 2010). Andy Wood in his article called, Shopper behaviour as the UK Exits Recession, talks about consumer’s supermarket shopping behavior during recession. According to him, one of the most precious tools in every retail grocery market chaos is the programmes related to consumer loyalty. Whereas in the previous year, the market share of the Tesco dipped in the face of customers going down the bazaar looking for superior deals, so the marketplace leader has organized to turn various things around. (Andy Wood 2010). The major beneficiaries in the

Multicultrual Teaching Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Multicultrual Teaching - Essay Example This is because those who are recognized as the minorities within the nation have far exceeded the once perceived majority of the whites. For example: during the period of 2006, around four states of United States were experience a majority of the minority population including the 75% of the minority that that were residing in the area of Hawai’I (Landis, 2012, p.22). Due to this change in the structure of the population, organizations from different industries need to accept diversity in order to operate successfully and benefit from elements that come with such a diverse population size. Multicultural societies experience immense challenges and these challenges are even experienced by teachers in the educational institutes of United States. Teachers in these educational institutes need to be culturally competent in order to cater to the needs of a diverse population of student. Cultural competency refers to an individual’s ability to deal with people from different cultures. In order to become culturally competent, teachers in the United States need to undergo training and develop knowledge, skills and abilities that are necessary to teach a multicultural class room. Culturally competent teachers are those who realize the differences in cultures of students and then design their teaching patterns accordingly to help students from different backgrounds in gaining better understanding of what is being taught. They need to accept and respect the differences among these students in order to provide them with facilities which help them learn. In order to teach a multicultural classroom, teachers need to implement various strategies in order to remove the barriers created by multiculturalism and to promote learning and development of all at the same time. In order to teach a multicultural classroom, teachers need to provide team based assignments comprising of team members